Wizardfox399

Castells, 2001; Castells et al., 2004; Castells, 2007; Arsenault and Castells, 2008a; 2008b). We may add to this one of his more recent works, Networks of Outrage and Hope: Social Movements in the Internet Age, which illuminates how he fuses his earlier works (e.g. Castells, 1983; 1998; 2001) into. PDF On Jan 1, 2003, K. Hacker published The Internet Galaxy: Reflections on the Internet, Business, and Society. By Manuel Castells Find, read. The Internet in the 1990s, corrected by their authors later (Castells 2001; Castells et al. 2007; Rainie and Wellman 2012; Center for the Digital Future 2012 et al.). Thus, the purpose of this chapter will be to summarize some of the key re-search findings on the social effects of the Internet relying on the evidence. From the Gutenberg Galaxy to the McLuhan Galaxy: the Rise of Mass Media Culture 358 The New Media and the Diversification of Mass Audience 365 Computer-mediated Communication, Institutional Control, Social Networks, and Virtual Communities 371 The Minitel story: l'etat et l'amour 372 The Internet constellation 375 The interactive society 385.

1. Castells The Internet Galaxy Pdf Free Version

Format

Inbunden (Hardback)

Språk

Engelska

Antal sidor

304

Utgivningsdatum

2001-10-01

Utmärkelser

Manuel Castells was awarded the Holberg International Memorial Prize in 2012

Förlag

OUP Oxford

Illustrationer

2M.

Dimensioner

223 x 147 x 24 mm

Vikt

544 g

Antal komponenter

1

ISBN

9780199241538

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Reflections on the Internet, Business, and Society

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De som köpt den här boken har ofta också köpt Communication Power av Manuel Castells (inbunden).

Kundrecensioner

Fler böcker av Manuel Castells

RSA Journal Attempting an academic survey of the internet is an heroic task ... Manuel Castells is better placed than most to attempt such an undertaking, and pulls it off with verve and clarity.
Sunday Times Books of the Year 2001 Authoritative guide to the origins of the internet, how it is affecting every area of human life, and its business applications.
Prospect This small but complete volume is a critical introduction to internet-related theories, while doubling as a simplified reader on his own ideas. The book should help to spread his influence beyond the faithful.
Mark Leonard, New Statesman The Internet Galaxy is the best attempt by a big thinker to grapple with the net's long-term implications for our society.
John Naughton, author of A Brief History of the Future: The Origins of the Internet The Internet is shaping society and in turn being shaped by society. It takes a scholar of Manuel Castells's range to do justice to this phenomenon. His book is learned without being pompous, and insightful without being impenetrable. If we ever get a discipline of Internet studies, this will be one of its founding texts.
Geoff Mulgan, author of Communications and Control and Connexity Director of the Performance and Innovation Unit, The Cabinet Office and head of the Prime Minister's Forward Strategy Unit Manuel Castells has proved once again that he has an unmatched synoptic capacity to make sense of the complexities of a networked world, and here writes with clarity and insight about everything from the history of the technology to the subcultures that have done so much to shape it.
Library Journal Thoroughly researched and truly global in scope. Castells provides balanced covergae of e-business and the new economy: the politics of the Internet, including privacy and freedom: and the geography of the Internet. Highly recommended for academic libraries.
Publishers Weekly [An] excellent, readable, nontechnical summary of the history, social implications and likely future of Internet business.
Management Today: Guru Guide Castells is probably the world's most highly regarded commentator on the information age and new economic order.
The Wall Street Journal Adam Smith explained how capitalism worked, and Karl Marx explained why it didn't. Now the social and economic relations of the Information Age have been captured by Manuel Castells.
Charles Leadbetter - Financial Times A readable, articulate and persuasive account of why the internet's most powerful impacts on the shape of business, politics and society may be yet to come. Castells is the nearest thing the internet has to a founding philosopher.

Manuel Castells is Professor of Planning and Professor of Sociology at the University of California, Berkeley. He has also been a visiting professor in fifteen universities in Europe, North America, Asia, and Latin America and has published twenty-one books, including the acclaimed trilogy TheInformation Age: Economy, Society, and Culture, which has been translated into fourteen languages.

Introduction; 1. Lessons from the History of the Internet; 2. The Internet Culture; 3. E-business and the New Economy; 4. Virtual Communities or Network Society?; 5. The Politics of the Internet (I): Computer Networks, Civil Society, and the State; 6. The Politics of the Internet (II): Privacy and Liberty in Cyberspace; 7. Multimedia and the Internet: The Hypertext beyond Convergence; 8. The Geography of the Internet: Networked Places; 9. The Digital Divide in Global Perspective; 10. Conclusion: The Challenges of the Network Society

The Internet Galaxy: Reflections on the Internet, Business, and Society is a book by Manuel Castells, Professor of Sociology and Professor of City and Regional Planning at the University of California. It was published by Oxford University Press in 2001. The title is a reference to The Gutenberg Galaxy, a 1962 book by Marshall McLuhan. It is regarded as a good introduction to Social informatics.^[1]

Overview[edit]

The book contains 9 chapters. Castells starts with the history of Internet, focuses on the process of Internet evolution influence our society. He emphasizes the development of Internet from 1962 to 1995, the extension from ARPANET to WWW.

Castells believes that 'The openness of the Internet's architecture was the source of its main strength'.^[2] Then he states that the 'Internet Culture' is structured by four kinds of culture including: 'the techno-meritocratic culture', 'the hacker culture', 'the virtual communication culture', and 'the entrepreneurial culture'.^[3]

Next, Castells analyses the vital status of Internet in the business and economy fields, and he refers to the impact of virtual communication which is based on the Internet communication to the reality in the following chapter. In terms of the Politics of the Internet, Castells points that 'social movement' and 'the political process' use Internet as a new communication medium to 'acting' and 'informing'. And there is an issue between 'Privacy and Liberty in Cyberspace' relates to 'the politics of the Internet' is mentioned in this book.

In the last three chapters, Castells analyses the Internet from multimedia, geography and 'the digital divide in a global perspective'. Finally, he talks about the challenges of the network society such as freedom of the Internet.

Opening: The Network is the Message[edit]

The title used for the preface or introductory text is called 'Opening' and the name given to this Opening is 'The Network is the Message'. It is a mimicry of Marshall McLuhan's famous slogan 'The medium is the message'. By substituting network for medium, Castells reinforces McLuhan's message that, in this case, it is the network which is important not the content.^[4] The opening may then be seen to be an invitation to explore the meaning of network via the content of the book. The word network itself is of ambiguous interpretation: infrastructure or society?^[5] Both interpretations are at play in the book. Since Castells is by profession a sociologist, then one expects a focus on network as society.

Lessons from the History of the Internet[edit]

Castells introduces the label ″Libertarian″ to characterize all those who participated with 'big science' and 'military research' in bringing the Internet into being.^[6]The history of the Internet is diverse and well documented. Castells makes considerable use of John Naughton's text, 'A Brief History of the Future', who noted for example that the Request for Comment Feature (RFC), introduced by Steve Crocker in 1969-04-07,^[7] not only gave rise to a de facto documenting of the research ideas at the time of their fermenting but also to the Open Source movement.^[8] Castells gives his own take on the subject. Ultimately, for him, the Internet is a cultural creation.

The Culture of the Internet[edit]

'The culture of the Internet is a culture made upof a technocratic belief in the progress of humansthrough technology, enacted by communities of hackersthriving on free and open technological creativity,embedded in virtual networks aimed at reinventingsociety, and materialized by money-driven entrepreneurs intothe workings of the new economy.'^[9]

It is important to take note of how Castells understands and uses the word Network.For him, the network is a word that often has connotations of community. So, when he speaks of virtual networks he is not (necessarily) speaking of virtual networks in the technological sense but in the community sense of people networking.

e-Business and the New Economy[edit]

'But markets also react to macro-economic conditions, and to policy decisions—or to their anticipation. Or to the disparity between the anticipation and the actual event. Markets react as well on the basis of non-economic criteria. These are influenced by what I call informationTurbulences from various sources, such as political uncertainty... technological anticipations... or even personal moods or statements from key decision-makers...'^[10]

Virtual Communities or Network Society?[edit]

'In contrast with the notorious cartoon published byThe New Yorker in the pre-history of on-line communication,on the Internet you better make surethat everyone knows that you are a dog, and not a cat,or you will find yourself immersed in the intimate world of cats.Because on the Internet, you are what you say you are,as it is on the basis of this expectation that a networkof social interaction is constructed over time.'^[11]

The Politics of the Internet I: Computer Networks, Civil Society, and the State[edit]

'In this context [of a world dominated by homogeneous, global information flows], communication of values, mobilization around meaning, become fundamental. Cultural movements... are built around communication—essentially the Internet and the media... to affect the consciousness of society as a whole.'^[12]

Networked Social Movements[edit]

Castells shows how the Internet has been used for mobilizing people to support certain kinds of political, religious, or other social causes:^[13]

• the Zapatista movement in Chiapas, Mexico
• the Falun Gong movement, leader Li Hongzhi in New York
• the Direct Action Network in Seattle

The Politics of the Internet II: Privacy and Liberty in Cyberspace[edit]

'Unless governments stop fearing their people, and therefore the Internet,society will resort once again to the barricades to defend freedom and this will mark a stunning historical continuity.'^[14]

This is that chapter of the book which one must read in the context of the pre-9/11 world.

The End of Privacy[edit]

Castells mentions a few official programs of governments:^[15]

• the Echelon program of the US/UK
• the FBI Carnivore program
• the 'FBI Digital Storm'^[16]

Multimedia and the Internet: The Hypertext beyond Convergence[edit]

'Human culture only exists in and by human minds,usually connected to human bodies.Therefore, if our minds have the material capabilityto access the whole realm of cultural expressions—select them,recombine them—we do have a hypertext: the hypertext is inside us.'^[17]

The Geography of the Internet: Networked Places[edit]

'Cities are faced with a challenge... It follows that public space and monumentality (museums, cultural centers, public art, architectural icons) will play a key role in marking space, and facilitating meaningful interaction.'^[18]

There are different ways in which to picture the geography of the Internet.The picture of the graph on the cover of the book^[19] resembles that of Matt Britt shown on the right.

The Digital Divide in a Global Perspective[edit]

'Education, information, science, and technologybecome the critical sources of value creationin the Internet-based economy.Educational, informational, and technological resources arecharacterized by extremely uneven distribution throughout the world(UNESCO, 1999).'^[20]

Conclusion: The Challenges of the Network Society[edit]

'I imagine one could say: ″Why don't you leave me alone?!I want no part of your Internet, of your technological civilization, of your network society! I just want to live my life!″...'^[21]

e-Links[edit]

One of the significant features of the book (published in 2001 beforethe September 11 attacks and around the time of thedot-com bubble) is theinclusion of the e-Links section at the end of every chapter. Each e-Link is given as a URL, followed by a short text of one or two lines to describe the content. For example, at the end of Chapter 6 'The Politics of the Internet II: Privacy and Liberty in Cyberspace', a collection of 4 e-Links is given:

• cnetdownload.com
• junkbusters.com
• silentsurf.com
• anonymizer.com

and the short explanatory text following is 'Websites providing technological resources to protect privacy.'

There is one major flaw associated with the e-Links. None of the e-Links in The Internet Galaxy provide 'the date of last access'.

Notes[edit]

1. ^Social informatics is defined to be the body of research about information technologies in social contexts. Kling 2002.
2. ^Castells 2001, p.27
3. ^Castells 2001, p.37
4. ^In this sense the network is just like the lightbulb. See the Heritage Minute on McLuhan.
5. ^See Martin Weller's account on the subject.
6. ^Castells 2001, p17
7. ^This can be retrieved by typing 0001 into the box on the IETF RFC page.
8. ^Naughton 2000, p135-38.
9. ^Castells 2001, p61.It is important to note that Castells uses the term hackerin a very old and revered sense.
10. ^Castells 2001, p86. In the text (2001), Castells names Greenspan and Duisenberg as key decision-makers. For technological anticipations, he suggested the demise of the PC or the rise of the mobile internet. And the ellipsis in the quote covers the anti-trust law suit against Microsoft, at the time.
11. ^Castells 2001, p130.
12. ^Castells 2001, p140.
13. ^Castells 2001, p138-39.
14. ^Castells 2001, p185.
15. ^Castells 2001, p176.
16. ^Ryan Singel, 'Point, Click ... Eavesdrop: How the FBI Wiretap Net Operates', Wired, 2007-08-29. See also Digital Storm on History Commons
17. ^Castells 2001, p202.
18. ^Castells 2001, p237
19. ^The graph was produced by William Cheswick and Hal Burch. Both Cheswick and Burch were at Bell Labs at the time. The map illustrates the topography of the Internet based on trace routes in January 2000. Castells 2001, p208.
20. ^Castells 2001, p266.
21. ^Castells 2001, p282.

External references[edit]

1. StudyPlace wiki (date of last access: 2008-09-11)
2. David Birch, Second Sight, The Guardian, Thursday November 4, 2004; (date of last access: 2008-09-15)
3. Heritage Minute account of enactment of the discovery of The Medium is the Message (date of last access: 2008-09-16)
4. Martin Weller, The Network is the Message, the Open University, 2005-12-15. (date of last access: 2008-09-16)
5. Hal Burch and Bill Cheswick. Software developers of the Internet map used as book cover illustration. Internet Mapping Project (date of last access: 2008-09-16)
6. Rob Kling, Review of The Internet Galaxy, Academe Online July–August 2002. (date of last access: 2008-09-23).
7. Naughton, John (2000), A brief history of the future, London: Phoenix, ISBN0-7538-1093-X, OCLC44154042, OCLC59577773
8. IETF Request for Comments (RFC). (date of last access: 2008-09-23)

Castells The Internet Galaxy Pdf Free Version